Tighter Big Business From Abusing Their Power - 995 Words

America was one of the first few countries that started to industrialize. Throughout the industrial revolution, technology flourish and a new era began. Farms were demolished and farmers moved from the countryside to the urban areas. Factories opened up to recruit more workers. The increased in job opportunities have lured many immigrants to the United States. With the increase in economic growth, the gap between the wealth and the middle class widen and a new class was introduced known as the working class. This was the start of capitalism and in this period of time it was also known as the â€Å"gilded age† that Mark Twain introduced, where the corrupt side of society was covered with a thin sheet of gold. Under, all that wealth and luxury†¦show more content†¦This allowed the economy to bloom. However, it has also created room for corruption. In a scholarly journal, Information, markets, and corruption: Transcontinental railroads in the Gilded Age, White Richard stated that corruption â€Å"consisted of quotidian faults-lying, deception, and dishonesty-played out largely on paper and along telegraph lines† (White). These wrongdoings allowed trustees to use their personal advantages to further corrupt society and as an outcome children and adult workers suffer. At the beginning of the industrial revolution in America, laws that prevented children from working was not established, and this allowed businesses to utilized children as an inexpensive form of labor. By the 1900s there were over one million children working in the labor force. Most of those young workers were from a poor or immigrant family. They were put to work at an early age usually between five to sixteen years old. In the article, â€Å"The History of Child Labor During the American Industrial Revolu tion† by Jennifer Wagner, discusses about how most of these youngsters worked in unsafe conditions in: †¦textile mills, coalmines, flourmills, machine shops, garment factories, tobacco factories, shoe factories, and carpet plants, in order to provide a source of income for their families. In numerous industries children labored around unsafe machinery. Children labored for many hours, but received wages that were much lower than those received by adult laborers for comparable

Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa - 1653 Words

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often times have an early-onset which primarily affects adolescent girls and young women, is characterized by distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat† (APA). Anorexia is a condition more common amongst younger patients that causes a disruption in the normal growth process, because they fail to achieve ideal weight and height expectancy. Psychologist are able to determine if an individual meets anorexia weight cutoff requirement by measuring how thin their patients are by calculating body mass index (BMI) DSM-5 Anorexia Nervosa Diagnoses Criterion â€Å"Criterion (A) focuses on behaviors, like restricting calorie intake, and no longer includes the word â€Å"Refusal† in terms of weight maintenance since that implies intention on the part of the patient and can be difficult to assess. The DSM-IV Criterion (D) requiring amenorrhea, or the absence of at least three menstrual cycles, will be deleted. This criterion cannot beShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1622 Words   |  7 Pages Bulimia Nervosa To be diagnosed with eating disorder, someone must meet certain criteria. The criterion for diagnosis slightly varies depending on if you are referring to people who (A) fear gaining weight, and have significant weight loss,(B) eating a huge amount of food , then use laxative to remove the binged food, (C) the use of excessive exercise and fasting in order to remove or to reduce the amount of calories consumed, and (D) distorted body image, no matter how thin they become, theyRead MoreEating Disorder : Anorexia Nervosa1658 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen affected by this disorder. The specific disorder that is being referred to in this paper, an eating disorder, is Anorexia Nervosa, the restricting type. An eating disorder â€Å"involve[s] disordered eating behaviors and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight† (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 335). Another well-known eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa which is characterized by binging and purging (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2014, p. 338). Bulimia is different than anorexia since victims of bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesnotion of an â€Å"ideal† body and eating disorders, there is no consensus as to the root cause of eating disorders. The general belief is that eating disorders result from one or more biological, behavioral, and social factors including genetics, unpleasant experiences/trauma, peer pressure, teasing, and family members with eating disorders, among others. There are numerous types of eating disorders. Both women and men are affected by eating disorders each day. Eating disorders can occur from an early ageRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1493 Words   |  6 PagesIllness Paper – Anorexia Nervosa February 28, 2016 According to the Mayo Clinic (2016), eating disorders are â€Å"conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in important areas of life.† One such eating disorder is anorexia nervosa. Not to be confused with anorexia, which is simply a general loss of appetite that can be attributed to many medical ailments, anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental illnessRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone make a ware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa974 Words   |  4 PagesI have always been intrigued with eating disorders, particularly Anorexia Nervosa. When I was 18 years of age, my mother questioned whether or not I was Anorexic and she took me to the family practitioner, who then informed me that I was three pounds shy from being considered underweight. I knew I was thin, but I was really thin, but also really proud of my size. In an African American urban environment being thin was related to illness and drug abuse. I was often teased about how thin and fragileRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa889 Words   |  4 PagesANAD Eating Disorder Statistics about thirty million people in America of all ages and genders suffer from one of the three main eating disorders. Many people suffer from more than one of the eating disorders. Only 1 in 10 individuals receive the treatment that is needed to recover(ANDA). Often eating disorders are known to be triggered by outside factors in their life, but studies show that it is more likely to be a part of their genetics. According to Webster the definition of an â€Å"Eating Disorder†Read MoreAnorexia Nervosa- Eating Disorder1685 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of anorexia are mostly seen on the outside of the victim’s body, but do not be fooled. This detrimental eating disorder affects one’s mind just as much as it would the body. What Anorexia does to the mind is that it distorts the way one views their body. Victims of anorexia become fixated on their body image and overly critical about their flaws and weight. Even being obviously underweight, Anorexics will continuously deny that they have a problem and continue with their fatal practices.Read MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1462 Words   |  6 Pagessuffer from many illnesses, one in particular is eating disorders. There are many types of eating disorders, but there are three common ones that are known today, which are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Eating disorders are not healthy, thi s type of disease can be very fatal and crucial to one s health   mentally, physically, and socially. The purpose of this report is to provide background information about eating disorders, strategies to prevent this illness from occurringRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa951 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are a sickness that can come from psychological issues and it can disrupt the everyday diet. â€Å"A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control.† The common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is when someone see’s themselves as an overweight person, so they watch what they eat since, they have a fear of becoming overweight

Financial Management Share Price Valuation

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Managementfor Share Price Valuation. Answer: Introduction The essay mainly conducts critical evaluation of valuation method used in bond and share price valuation. The relative valuation techniques, which are used by investors and financial institutions, are effectively descried in the assignment. Furthermore, evaluation is conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of share and bond valuation, which could help in understanding relative theories. The asset valuation has been considered as significant investment decision, which allows the investors to detect the return generated from investment. Abud and Raviv (2016) mentioned that investors with the help of valuation techniques are able to determine the underpriced or overpriced shares, which could be included in their portfolio for increasing their total return. Relevant techniques like risk, return, market efficiency, basic share value equation, free cash flow valuation, and P/E trends. Companies, relevant investors, and financial institutions to improve their asset valuation could eff ectively use the valuation techniques. On the other hand, Albuquerque, Eichenbaum and Rebelo (2012) criticises that share valuation during an economic crisis mainly loses its friction as current risk and standard deviation of stocks cannot be determined. Investors are able to detect high yielding asset by determining its risk and return, which could help in strengthening their overall portfolio. In addition, risk of a single asset is mainly conducted to understand the impact of market volatility on the share price of the stock. Furthermore, the risk evaluation of different types of assets mainly allows investors to select adequate investment option for improving their return and reduce risk from investment. In this context, Bansal, Connolly and Stivers (2014) stated that detection of asset risk mainly allows the investors to build portfolio, which could provide high return from investment and reduce total risk. Nevertheless, Bielecki and Rutkowski (2013) criticises that risk determination is not possible if the accurate data from the capital market is not provided to the investors. After determining from risk from relative investment, companies are able to diversify their portfolio risk and create a healthy return path. However, bond investment is mainly conducted to diversify and maintain a fixed return from portfolio, which could help the investor take high-risk investment bets that has high turn. Furthermore, certain advantages and disadvantages of share valuation are mainly evaluated to understand the fundamental models, which are used for diversifying risks. The share valuation techniques like market efficiency, Gordon growth model valuation, free cash flow valuation model, ordinary share valuation and P/E multiples are conducted to understand the current share price of the stocks. There are certain limitations and advantages of using these models, which might help investors to reduce risk from their portfolio. Bingham and Kiesel (2013) mentioned that Gordon growth model mainly loses its friction if the cost of capital is relatively higher than the dividend growth of the company. However, Brealey et al. (2012) argued that the use of Gordon growth model allows investors to detect the appropriate share value of stocks and make adequate investment decision. The main advantage of the P/E ratio is to determine the valuation of companies, which are publically not traded. In addition, the P/E multiples approach is used for determining estimated valuation of a firm, which might helps investors to make investment related decisions. Brigham and Ehrhardt (2013) argued that PE ratio is mainly determined on the estimated EPS, which has a probability to change and increase risk from investment. The main limitations of the P/E ratio is the assumptions, which is taken for determining firm value is the estimated assumption of future EPS that might change with the actual income of the firm. In addition, the EPS is mainly derived from financial statement of the companies, which might be manipulated and could increase the risk of investment. However, the main advantages of the P/E ratio are that it allows companies and financial institutions to take adequate decision regarding companies that are not publically traded. Brigham and Houston (2012) stated t hat use of P/E ratio without additional information might hamper return from investment and increase investment risk. P/E value derivation mainly allowed Cisco from 1995 to 2000 to acquire companies, which were not publicly traded and improve its overall profits and total asset. Furthermore, fundamental investor for determining the share value of a particular company vividly uses Gordon growth model. This type of investment valuation allows investors to detect current share price of a stock by deducing the risk free rate, cost of capital and dividend growth rate of the particulate company. This type of valuation is widely conducted by financial institutions and investors for building their portfolio with stocks that are undervalued and have low exposure to the risky volatile capital market. The main advantage of the valuation technique is that it allows investors to select stocks, which have future growth capacity and might generate higher return from investment. However, the main hindrance that is faced by the valuation techniques is that it is not able to derive actual share price of the company if cost of capital is higher than the risk premium. In addition, Gordon model uses the beta value from return generated by the company and capital market, which mi ght lose its friction during an economic crisis. Ciner Gurdgiev and Lucey (2013) stated that investors are able to reduce the negative impact of short-term risk by using hedging techniques and maintain the projected return from their portfolio. Fundamental analyst mainly uses the Gordon model for determining the long-term view of the company, which is majorly not used by short-term traders. Market efficiency valuation is mainly designed for detecting the overall valuation of a particular stock by determining its risk and return. This is the basic form of stock valuation, which is used in small investors to determine the short-term maximum amount to be paid by investor for acquiring an asset. In addition, the market efficiency model for determining the expected return, which might be generated from a particular stock, mainly uses the CAPM and beta. However, this type of valuation is mainly relied on the stock return, which is provided on daily basis. In addition, the return could be inflated or deflated due to the market sentiments and provide an irrelative return, which might affect viability of the calculation. In addition, market efficiency model mainly states that investors discounts the new and depict the exact value of the stock. Damodaran (2012) argued that detection of risk only reduced chance of loss, which might occur from investment and does not confirm any re turn that might be provided from the stock. The main limitation of the Market efficiency valuation is that it ignores external factors, which might increase or decrease the return from investment. This model is mainly blamed for the recent recession, which occurred during the 2007-2008, as analyst were unaware the asset bubble that reduced creditability of the financial market. Investor to determine the growth of the firm and its dividend, which could be paid to its shareholders, mainly uses free cash flow valuation model. In addition, the investor with the help of cash flow analysis is able to detect actual liquidity of the company, which might fuel its future projects. However, the model mainly has a loophole as companies might manipulate their capex value in the cash flow statement, which could limits viability of the model. Dolvin, Jordan and Miller (2012) mentioned that investors for detecting the exact intrinsic value of stock mainly use FCF, which in turn helps in making adequate investment decision. The free cash flow approach is mainly related to the future cash flows, which might be generated by the company. In addition, the valuation is sensitive to the discount and perpetuity rate, which is used by FCF for deriving the actual intrinsic value. As it is stated that use of accurate and viable data in the FCF approach could help investors in getting the exact value, which could be used in decision making process. However, Ehrhardt and Brigham (2016) argued that limitations of the FCF approach mainly reduce the viability of the derived results, which in turn might increase risk of the overall portfolio. Investors for determining the P/B ratio, which could help investors to detect the real value of the assets, mainly use book value approach. In addition, book value approach mainly helps investors to identify stocks, which are undervalued. However, the approach mainly relies on the historical data of the company and does not comprehend or evaluate its current financial position. This evaluation of historical data mainly decreases the efficiency of the book value approach, which might hinder the investment return generated from a particular stock (Engle and Colacito 2012). However, the asset valuation process could be manipulated and inflated figures could hamper the overall results, which might be provided by the book value approach. Current the book value approach is mainly not used by high-end investors, as it does not help in detecting the actual risk and return that might be derived from an asset. Furthermore, investors also use Liquidation value approach for detecting the overall ability of the company to pay its obligations by selling its assets and compensating its shareholders. This valuation method is more realistic than book value approach and helps in detecting the liability position of the company. However, the main limitation of this approach is that it fails to detect the overall return, which might be generated from deployed assets and capital. In addition, this non-detection of revenue generation does not allow the investors to determine the future growth and dividend that might be paid by the company. Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan (2015) argued that liquidity approach is not viable as it is not able to detect both the return and risk of an asset, which is the key point in the investment process. In addition, there are certain advantages and disadvantages of bond valuation as it allows the investors to determining the overall return, which could be provided from their investment. Bond is mainly an obligation, which is used by companies and governments for raising the required capital that could be paid in certain years with a fixed rate of interest. Bond valuation is not like the share valuation where dividend and expected return are calculated instead the discounted value of the future income from bond is considered. This process mainly helps the investors to determine the present value of the future cash flows and detect viability of the bond option. The bond valuation equation that is depicted on the appendix mainly uses the return, maturity, annual interest payments, bond value and par value in dollar for detecting the present value of cash inflows, which .could be made in near future. In this context, Kim and Stock (2014), mentioned that bond valuation mainly uses the ti me value of money, which allows the investors to detect the actual income provided from an investment. This bond valuation method mainly allows investors to detect the current value of the investment conducted in bonds and determine the return, which could be possible from investment. However, Damodaran (2016) argued that bond valuation needs the cost of capital and required rate of return, which could be subjected to assumption and reduce the bond valuation method. However, the bond valuation method is mainly dependent of the required rate of return, which might change with the inflation rate and could not support the actual projected return from the bond. Furthermore, the changing inflation and consumer price index value is not used in the bond valuation method, which could nullify the returns that is provided on maturity. The overall assessment of both the share and bond valuation method mainly helps in understanding the significance of asset valuation in an investment decisions. In addition, investor for detecting the risk and return mainly combines share valuation techniques, which might be provided from a particular asset. This valuation technique mainly helps the investors to increase its portfolio return and reduce the negative impact of short-term volatility. Furthermore, the bond valuation also allows the investor to detect the discounted cash flow, which might be generated by the bond at maturity. Thus, it could be said that with the help of asset valuation investors are able to determine the viability of the return generated from an asset. Reference: Abudy, M.M. and Raviv, A., 2016. How much can illiquidity affect corporate debt yield spread?.Journal of Financial Stability,25, pp.58-69. Albuquerque, R., Eichenbaum, M.S. and Rebelo, S., 2012.Valuation risk and asset pricing(No. w18617). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bansal, N., Connolly, R.A. and Stivers, C., 2014. The Stock-Bond Return Relation, the Term Structures Slope, and Asset-Class Risk Dynamics.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,49(03), pp.699-724. Bielecki, T.R. and Rutkowski, M., 2013.Credit risk: modeling, valuation and hedging. Springer Science Business Media. Bingham, N.H. and Kiesel, R., 2013.Risk-neutral valuation: Pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Springer Science Business Media. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P., 2012.Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Ciner, C., Gurdgiev, C. and Lucey, B.M., 2013. Hedges and safe havens: An examination of stocks, bonds, gold, oil and exchange rates.International Review of Financial Analysis,29, pp.202-211. Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Damodaran, A., 2016.Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance(Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons Dolvin, S.D., Jordan, B.D. and Miller Jr, T.W., 2012.Fundamentals of investments: valuation and man Ehrhardt, M.C. and Brigham, E.F., 2016.Corporate finance: A focused approach. Cengage Learning. Engle, R. and Colacito, R., 2012. Testing and valuing dynamic correlations for asset allocation.Journal of Business Economic Statistics. Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015.Principles of Managerial Finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kim, D.H. and Stock, D., 2014. The effect of interest rate volatility and equity volatility on corporate bond yield spreads: A comparison of noncallables and callables.Journal of Corporate Finance,26, pp.20-35.

Most prized possesion free essay sample

Out of all the material items I possess, I would have to call my first car my one true prized possession. Veronica, as I often refer to her is rusty black and has more than a few bruises. Pretty much a replica of the stereotypical teenager’s first car. Possessions like these often are seen as junk to the rest of the world, but in one person’s heart it remains an invaluable treasure. For myself, I was lucky enough to find that one hidden gem in a 1998 Ford Contour. In my eyes it will be forever priceless because it is not the exterior value of the car that matters, but the long road of experience it has carried me on. My car has taught me more than I expected in such a short time, but above all it has given me memories, a feeling of responsibility, and taught me that hard work pays off. We will write a custom essay sample on Most prized possesion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As with most material items, certain memories tend to latch onto the object and are able to transport one back to a better time and place just by looking at it. Even though it is only a year old (at least in my possession), it seems as if it already carries a lifetime of memories. It treated me well through a timeless summer, the final summer before college becomes a true reality. Car rides filled with music pulsing, friends laughing, and road trips taken will never be forgotten. It has seen its share of sandy beaches and bright blues skies, as well as torrential downpours and yet has never failed me once. If I ever needed to get away from my sometimes chaotic and frustrating household, the car has allowed me to finally have some form of escape after eighteen long years. So this car has quite literally been with me through everything in this past year, and I will always remember it for the freedom it has granted me for the first time in my life. It even holds promises of even better memories in the future. I can almost guarantee things are going to get hectic at times and circumstances are going to change more than once, but through it all my car will remain the one constant. The tangible mass that is the car is enough to remind me of all I went through to finally get to this point in my life. This fact is what makes my car so special, because no price tag can be put on an unforgettable memory. The newfound responsibility that this car has given me also is what makes it  invaluable. Owning something monumental like a vehicle comes with a certain sense of pride and self-accomplishment, but that same feeling can be taken away in an instant if you do not act responsibly. The freedoms that come with a car unfortunately do not come without their restrictions. There are state laws, parking rules, and probably most important, the parental rules. If these limitations are not taken seriously, many young drivers will find that their feeling of independence is short lived, myself included. I have learned that a great deal of hard work and effort can all be a waste of time if you don’t remain responsible after you have reached your goal. One must become independent and own up to their actions, whether good or bad. This new characteristic of responsibility will carry on to all other aspects of my life and I can thank my experience as a car owner for that. Finally, my car has taught me a valuable lesson of dedication that I will never forget. Never before had I worked so hard to get something that I wanted. Without help from my parents to pay for a car, I spent months and months of job hours busing tables to pay for something I could call my own. Two thousand five hundred dollars later, for the first time in my life I have something that is 100% mine. This feeling of pride and ownership is something I truly value, a feeling I would have never experienced without the vehicle. This over year-long process of saving money and doing hard, manual labor has taught me a lesson that has always seemed abstract up to this point in my life. The car is now tangible proof to me that hard work eventually does pay off and has its rewards if you stay dedicated. It is this lesson that will always stick with my car and with myself and is what makes it one of my prized possessions. In all reality, I know I won’t have the same car for the rest of my life. Eventually I will move on to bigger and better things, as all people seem to do in this new world, and my car will become just another piece of junk on the side of the road. This doesn’t mean the memories and lessons the car has given me will become any less important. They will forever remain special in my mind and even though the car won’t be there to remind me of them, I will take these lessons with me wherever I go.